Concepts of health and health system, determinants of
health, forces influencing health policy making, nursing shortage post-COVID
age, nurse retention, Asean workforce,
health policy-making process, informatics of health system development,
economics of health care, laws and ethics in health services, concepts of
nursing leadership in education health service and research, core competencies
and strategies for leadership effectiveness, roles of nurse leaders in resource
management and nursing quality improvement, issues and trends affecting the
future direction.