Concepts of health and health system, determinants of health, forces influencing health policy making, nursing shortage post-COVID age, nurse retention, Asean workforce,  health policy-making process, informatics of health system development, economics of health care, laws and ethics in health services, concepts of nursing leadership in education health service and research, core competencies and strategies for leadership effectiveness, roles of nurse leaders in resource management and nursing quality improvement, issues and trends affecting the future direction.